Overview The HQ IDS held its second NTN seminar on 16 March 2026 in New Delhi. The theme, ‘ Cognitive Spectrum Operations and Quantum Technologies ’, brought together defence personnel, researchers, start‑ups and industry leaders. Key Developments Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit , Chief of Integrated Defence Staff to the Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee ( CISC ), stressed the need for efficient spectrum utilisation and indigenous quantum solutions. Emphasis on AI and advanced analytics to enable dynamic spectrum access and improve electronic warfare capabilities. Discussion of quantum‑based secure communications, quantum sensing, navigation and timing as future force multipliers. Call for stronger collaboration among defence forces, academia, industry and start‑ups to accelerate indigenous R&D. Important Facts The seminar highlighted several technical and strategic points: Dynamic spectrum access can mitigate spectrum congestion and enhance electromagnetic spectrum awareness. AI‑driven EW can be integrated with cognitive spectrum management for faster threat response. Quantum key distribution promises theoretically unbreakable encryption, addressing cyber‑security challenges in defence communications. Quantum sensors can offer centimetre‑level positioning without reliance on GPS, enhancing survivability in contested environments. UPSC Relevance Understanding these developments is essential for GS‑4 (Security & Defence) and GS‑3 (Science & Technology) aspirants. The shift towards AI‑enabled spectrum management reflects India’s broader push for indigenisation of critical technologies. Quantum technologies intersect with national security, cyber‑policy and the ‘Make in India’ initiative, topics frequently asked in essay and answer‑writing papers. Way Forward Participants recommended: Formulating a dedicated National Quantum Initiative to streamline funding and talent acquisition. Establishing test‑beds for cognitive spectrum management within the armed forces to validate AI algorithms. Creating public‑private partnership models that incentivise start‑ups to develop defence‑grade quantum hardware and software. Integrating quantum‑ready curricula in defence academies and research institutions. By fostering collaborative R&D and focusing on indigenous solutions, India aims to secure a technological edge in future multi‑domain warfare.