Overview In December 2025 , President Vladimir Putin of Russia visited New Delhi , signaling a renewed focus on strengthening the relationship between India and Russia . External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar emphasized that this visit aimed at "reimagining" the ties, particularly focusing on enhancing economic engagement. This visit occurred amidst ongoing trade negotiations between India and the U.S. , raising questions about the potential impact on these discussions. Key Developments India-Russia Partnership: Described as one of the "steadiest big relationships" over the past 70-80 years . Strategic Autonomy: S. Jaishankar asserted India's right to maintain relations with all major countries without external veto. Economic Focus: The visit emphasized enhancing the economic dimension of India-Russia ties, including agreements on mobility and fertilizers. India-U.S. Trade: Negotiations are ongoing, with India prioritizing its national interests, including the welfare of workers, farmers, and small businesses. Relations with China: India stressed the importance of peace and tranquillity in border areas for good relations with China . India-Russia Relations Reimagining the Relationship Mr. Jaishankar highlighted that President Putin's visit was about "reimagining" the relationship, aiming to build dimensions that were previously lacking. He noted that while political and strategic ties have been strong, the economic side of the relationship had not kept pace. The focus is now on rectifying this imbalance. Key Outcomes Mobility Agreement: Facilitates work opportunities for Indians in Russia . Joint Venture on Fertilizers: Aims to address India's fertilizer import needs and ensure a stable supply. India is the world's second-largest fertilizer importer after Brazil . India-U.S. Relations Trade Negotiations India and the U.S. are currently engaged in negotiations for a proposed trade deal. These discussions are taking place against a backdrop of strained relations, including the imposition of tariffs by the U.S. on Indian goods. Mr. Jaishankar emphasized that India's approach is driven by national interests and the need to protect its workers, farmers, and small businesses. Challenges Tariffs: The U.S. has imposed a 50% tariff on certain Indian goods, including levies related to India's procurement of Russian crude oil. National Interests: India is determined to negotiate terms that are beneficial to its economy and its citizens. India and China Border Tranquillity Mr. Jaishankar emphasized that peace and tranquillity in the border areas are a prerequisite for good relations with China . He acknowledged that there are other issues in the relationship, including trade, investment, competition, subsidies, fairness, and transparency. India and Pakistan Concerns about Pakistan Army Mr. Jaishankar expressed concerns about the role of the Pakistani army, particularly its support for terror groups. He stated that much of India's problems emanate from the military of that country. UPSC Relevance This news article is relevant for the UPSC Civil Services Exam , particularly for GS Paper 2 (International Relations) and GS Paper 3 (Economy) . It provides insights into India's foreign policy, its relationships with major global powers, and its approach to trade negotiations. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for aspirants preparing for the exam.