Overview The INSPIRE Scheme, administered by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), aims to attract bright youth to basic and natural sciences and build a robust R&D base. It operates through five inter‑linked components that support students from Class VI to post‑doctoral researchers. Key Developments (2021‑2026) INSPIRE‑MANAK : Schools nominate up to five students (age 10‑17) via the e‑MIAS portal. Selected candidates receive ₹10,000 (DBT) to develop projects and showcase them at district, state and national levels. INSPIRE Internship : Five‑day residential science camps for the top 1% of Class X students (~50,000 annually), featuring interactions with eminent scientists and Nobel Laureates. Scholarship for Higher Education (SHE) : Up to ₹80,000 per annum for 12,000 students (age 17‑22) pursuing B.Sc./M.Sc. in basic sciences, coupled with mentorship. INSPIRE Fellowship (PhD) : Monthly stipend equivalent to CSIR‑UGC NET ( ₹37,000 as JRF, ₹42,000 as SRF) plus HRA and a contingency grant of ₹20,000 per year for up to five years. INSPIRE Faculty Fellowship : Five‑year post‑doctoral fellowship for early‑career researchers (age 27‑32) with a monthly honorarium of ₹1,25,000 , annual increments and a research grant of ₹35 lakh . Important Facts (Last Five Years) Total funds allocated, released and utilized are detailed in the official tables (figures in crore rupees). Number of schools registered on e‑MIAS across states/UTs is provided (tables omitted for brevity). Uttar Pradesh has 73,873 government schools on the portal; 10,988 students from these schools received MANAK awards. From UP, 93 project ideas received prototype funding; 10 were filed for patents and 3 patents have been granted. UPSC Relevance Understanding the INSPIRE Scheme is essential for GS‑III (Science & Technology) and GS‑II (Polity) as it illustrates how the government structures talent‑pipeline policies, the role of central ministries, and the use of financial incentives to boost indigenous R&D. The scheme also reflects inter‑ministerial coordination with bodies like the NIF and premier institutions (IITs, NITs, IISERs). Questions on budget allocation, implementation challenges and impact assessment are typical in the UPSC mains. Way Forward Strengthen outreach in rural and educationally backward districts through more teacher‑training modules and digital awareness campaigns. Expand mentorship linkages with industry and international research labs to enhance the quality of projects. Introduce a monitoring framework to track conversion of MANAK prototypes into commercial products or patents. Increase the stipend and research grant amounts to keep pace with inflation and global standards, thereby retaining talent. Overall, the INSPIRE Scheme represents a comprehensive, multi‑tiered approach to building India’s scientific manpower, a critical component of the nation’s innovation ecosystem and a frequent topic in UPSC examinations.