ISRO’s Transparency on NVS‑02 Anomaly and Subsequent Success The ISRO has released the report of a technical committee that examined why the NVS‑02 could not be placed in its intended orbit after launch aboard a GSLV on 29 January 2025. Key Developments The apex committee concluded that a signal meant to activate a critical valve in the engine’s oxidiser line never reached the valve. The failure was traced to a loose or failed connection in the electrical connector of both primary and backup lines. Corrective measures were incorporated in the LVM‑3 M5 launch on 2 November 2025, successfully placing the GSAT‑7R into its planned orbit. ISRO has also set up a separate committee to probe systemic issues behind the back‑to‑back failures of the PSLV in 2025. Important Facts • The technical committee’s report, unlike the press note, provides a detailed engineering diagnosis of the valve‑signal failure. • The identified fault involved both the primary and redundant electrical pathways, indicating a lapse in quality‑control checks during assembly. • ISRO claims the lessons learned were “successfully implemented” in the subsequent LVM‑3 M5 mission, demonstrating rapid corrective action. UPSC Relevance Understanding ISRO’s failure‑analysis process is crucial for several UPSC topics: Science & Technology (GS3) – The role of systematic failure analysis, risk mitigation, and technology transfer in large‑scale projects. Governance & Institutional Accountability (GS2) – How public sector agencies balance transparency with strategic confidentiality. Policy Implementation (GS3) – The importance of feedback loops and corrective mechanisms in achieving mission success. Way Forward To strengthen credibility and operational reliability, ISRO should consider: Publishing full Failure Analysis Report with clear attribution of systemic versus human errors, while safeguarding sensitive data. Enhancing assembly‑line inspection protocols, including automated torque‑verification and redundancy checks for critical connectors. Establishing an independent oversight body to review high‑risk missions, thereby reinforcing public confidence. Continuing to document and disseminate lessons learned across all launch‑vehicle programmes to prevent recurrence. By adopting greater openness and robust quality‑control measures, ISRO can maintain its strategic edge while upholding the transparency expected of a premier public institution.