Overview On January 15, 2026 , Mehbooba Mufti , the chief of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) , appealed to the Union government for intervention to ensure the safe return of Indian students, including Kashmiris, from Iran. This appeal comes amid growing tensions and protests within Iran. Key Developments Parental Concerns: Parents of several Kashmiri students studying in Iran expressed deep concern over the volatile situation and requested the Centre to facilitate their children's return. Mufti's Appeal: Ms. Mufti posted on X, urging S. Jaishankar and the MEA (Ministry of External Affairs) to intervene urgently and ensure the safe return of the students. Indian Nationals in Iran: Estimates suggest that a little over 10,000 Indians, including students, are currently residing in Iran. Embassy Advisory: The Indian Embassy in Tehran has issued an advisory urging all Indian nationals, including students, pilgrims, business persons, and tourists, to leave Iran using available means of transport, including commercial flights. Protests in Iran: The protests began late last month in Tehran following a sharp decline in the value of the Iranian currency, the rial. These protests have since spread to all 31 provinces, evolving from economic grievances to demands for political change. Rising Death Toll: The overall situation in Iran has deteriorated significantly in recent days, with the death toll from the nationwide protests exceeding 2,500 , according to the U.S.-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA). UPSC Relevance This news is relevant to GS2 (International Relations) and GS3 (Economy) . It highlights the geopolitical implications of internal conflicts and economic instability in a region crucial to India's interests. The government's response to ensuring the safety of its citizens abroad is also a key aspect relevant to UPSC. Potential Exam Questions Discuss the challenges faced by the Indian government in evacuating its citizens from conflict zones. (GS2) Analyze the impact of economic instability in Iran on regional geopolitics and India's strategic interests. (GS2, GS3) Evaluate the role of international organizations in addressing human rights concerns during political unrest. (GS2) Important Facts Date of Appeal: January 15, 2026 Number of Indians in Iran: Approximately 10,000 Location of Embassy Advisory: Tehran Cause of Protests: Plunge in Iranian currency (rial) Number of Provinces Affected: 31 Source of Death Toll Information: HRANA