Research Landscape under NEP‑2020
The NEP‑2020 calls for higher‑education institutions to strengthen research and innovation. To meet this goal, the Ministry of Education has increased funding, created new schemes and highlighted India’s rising global rankings.
Key Developments (Bullet Points)
- Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) rose from Rs. 60,196.75 crore (2010‑11) to Rs. 1,27,380.96 crore (2020‑21).
- Allocation of Rs. 99,494.24 crore (FY 2020‑21 to 2025‑26) for premier technical institutions such as IITs, NITs, IIITs, IISERs and IISc.
- Launch of the PMRF Scheme with a total outlay of Rs. 1,650 crore; 3,688 scholars admitted so far.
- Establishment of the ANRF with a budget of Rs. 50,000 crore.
- Introduction of the RDI Scheme.
- India’s rank in the GII improved from 81st (2015) to 38th (2025).
- India placed 3rd globally in Science & Engineering publications (2022) and 6th in patent applications (2022) as per WIPO.
Important Facts
Research activities span healthcare, advanced computing (AI, quantum), semiconductors, advanced materials, rare‑earth minerals, space, defence and the blue economy. The GERD figures show a steady rise, reflecting policy focus.
Scholarships like NET‑JRF, and special fellowships for SC, ST, OBC, PWD and single girl child, enable inclusive participation in research.
Exam Relevance
Understanding these schemes helps answer questions on India’s science‑technology policy, budget allocation, and global innovation standing (GS3). The emphasis on interdisciplinary research aligns with NEP‑2020’s vision for higher education reform (GS2). Knowledge of bodies like ANRF and RDI is useful for questions on institutional frameworks for R&D.
Way Forward
To sustain momentum, aspirants should monitor:
- Implementation effectiveness of PMRF, ANRF and RDI schemes across institutions.
- Future GERD targets and their impact on India’s global rankings.
- Collaboration between academia, industry and the private sector under the new frameworks.
- Inclusivity measures ensuring marginalized groups benefit from research opportunities.
Continued focus on research will strengthen India’s economic competitiveness and fulfill the NEP‑2020 mandate of a knowledge‑driven nation.