Overview The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) , India, has called upon 19 state governments and 4 Union Territory (UT) Administrations to implement preventive and relief measures to safeguard vulnerable populations from the adverse effects of cold waves during the winter season. This action follows the observation of increasing cold wave-related deaths and the recognition of climate change's impact on human rights. Key Developments NHRC's Concerns and Actions The NHRC's directive emphasizes the need to protect vulnerable segments of society, including newborns, children, infants, the poor, elderly, homeless, destitute, and those involved in beggary. These groups are particularly at risk due to a lack of adequate shelter and resources during periods of extreme cold. Data Source: The NHRC cited the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report, 'Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India,' which reported 3,639 deaths due to exposure to cold waves between 2019 and 2023 . Climate Change: The Commission acknowledges that changing weather patterns due to climate change affect human rights and affirms its commitment to protect vulnerable populations impacted by extreme weather events. NDMA Guidelines The NHRC has reiterated the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines to mitigate the impacts of cold waves. These guidelines include: Establishing treatment protocols for cold-related illnesses. Setting up day and night shelters to provide refuge from the cold. Providing medical care and implementing standard treatment procedures. Ensuring consistent monitoring of relief efforts and adopting a proactive approach to ensure their effectiveness. Call for Action The Commission has urged the sensitization of concerned officials and has requested action taken reports from authorities detailing the measures adopted to prevent untoward incidents and protect vulnerable populations from the adverse effects of cold waves. UPSC Relevance GS2: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice This news is relevant to GS2 as it highlights the role of the NHRC in protecting human rights, particularly those of vulnerable populations. It also touches upon the responsibilities of state and UT administrations in ensuring social justice and welfare. GS3: Disaster Management The article is also relevant to GS3 as it discusses disaster management strategies for mitigating the impact of cold waves. The NDMA guidelines mentioned are crucial for understanding the government's approach to disaster preparedness and response. Important Facts for Prelims The NHRC is a statutory body responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights in India. The NCRB collects and analyzes crime data in India. The NDMA is the apex body for disaster management in India. Cold waves are a significant natural hazard in many parts of India, particularly during the winter months.