Overview In December 2025 , clashes in the West Karbi Anglong district of Assam led to displacement and casualties. Opposition parties have called on the State government to prioritize rehabilitation efforts for affected families and provide adequate compensation to the relatives of the deceased. The incident underscores the complexities of tribal-non-tribal relations and land rights issues in regions governed by the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. Key Developments Joint Memorandum: Opposition parties, including the Congress , CPI-M , Raijor Dal , and Assam Jatiya Parishad , submitted a joint memorandum to Governor Lakshman Prasad Acharya on December 31, 2025 . Casualties: The violence on December 23, 2025 , resulted in the death of two people . Demands: The memorandum calls for: Rehabilitation of affected families. Compensation for the families of the deceased. Livelihood support through employment, skill development, and access to credit. Restoration of community infrastructure. Compensation for injury and property damage. A high-level judicial inquiry into the violence. Suspension of Tuliram Ronghang , chief of the BJP -led Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council . Root Cause: The violence was triggered by protests demanding the ejection of non-tribal people from government-designated grazing reserves, highlighting land rights issues under the Sixth Schedule . UPSC Relevance This incident is relevant to several aspects of the UPSC syllabus: GS2: Polity and Governance: Issues related to the Sixth Schedule , autonomous councils, and tribal rights. GS2: Social Justice: Concerns regarding vulnerable sections of society, rehabilitation, and compensation. GS3: Security: Aspects of internal security and conflict resolution. GS3: Economy: Livelihood support and inclusive growth. Analytical Points Autonomous Councils: The effectiveness of autonomous councils in protecting tribal rights and managing local affairs needs to be critically examined. Land Rights: The conflict highlights the complexities of land ownership and resource allocation in tribal areas. Governance: The role of local administration in handling sensitive situations and preventing escalation of violence is crucial. Political Conspiracy: Allegations of political conspiracy behind the violence warrant investigation and underscore the need for impartial governance. Key Facts for Prelims Date of the memorandum: December 31, 2025 District affected: West Karbi Anglong Number of deaths: Two Reason for protest: Ejection of non-tribal people from grazing reserves Constitutional provision: Sixth Schedule Council chief's name: Tuliram Ronghang