Overview
India’s Asiatic lion population has risen from a few dozen in the early 1900s to approximately 891 today. The growth is hailed as a conservation success, but the species remains confined to a single landscape – the Gir Forest. Scientific bodies, the judiciary and the central government have repeatedly warned that without a second, geographically separate population the lions are vulnerable to a single catastrophic event.
Key Developments
- 15 April 2013: The Supreme Court ordered translocation of a portion of the lion herd to Kuno National Park (MP).
- 2018: An outbreak of Canine Distemper Virus killed several lions in Gir, underscoring disease risk.
- 2020: The government launched Project Lion to revive discussions on a second habitat.
- 2024‑2026: Despite habitat preparation at Kuno, no lions have been moved; Gujarat continues to oppose relocation.
Important Facts
The Wildlife Institute of India has, since the 1980s, warned that a single‑site population faces extinction from epidemics, forest fires, droughts or sudden prey decline. The scientific consensus recommends a metapopulation approach, where sub‑populations are isolated enough to prevent simultaneous loss.
Proposed alternatives such as the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary are geographically close to Gir and therefore do not meet the risk‑diversification criterion. A truly separate site must be far enough to block disease spread and natural disasters across both