Key Highlights of the 2026 Global Terrorism Index The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) released the 13th edition of the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) in 2026. While overall terrorist incidents fell, the index underscores a persistent global threat and a widening geographic concentration of attacks. Key Developments (2025‑2026) Pakistan overtook Burkina Faso to become the most affected country in 2025, marking its first top‑rank position. India improved its ranking to 13th (up from 14th in 2025), reflecting a decline in the number of attacks. The Sahel accounted for over 50% of global terrorist deaths, a stark rise from under 1% in 2007. Sub‑Saharan Africa remains the epicentre of terrorism, though some improvement was noted. The average radicalisation timeline contracted from 18 months (2005) to 13 months (2016) and can now occur within weeks. Borderlands such as the Colombia‑Venezuela frontier, Afghanistan‑Pakistan border, Central Sahel tri‑border area and Lake Chad Basin remain persistent hotspots due to porous borders and weak state presence. Globally, 5,582 people were killed in 2,944 terrorist incidents in 2025, despite a decline in both deaths and incidents compared with previous years. Important Facts & Regional Insights 1. The GTI draws on data from 163 countries , offering a decade‑long view of terrorism trends. 2. While the overall number of incidents fell, the distribution became more uneven, with activity concentrating in specific regions. 3. Borderlands often feature difficult terrain and cross‑border ethnic ties, facilitating recruitment and training. UPSC Relevance The GTI intersects with multiple UPSC syllabi: GS II (Polity & International Relations) : Understanding state capacity, border management and the impact of terrorism on foreign policy. GS III (Economy & Security) : Analyzing how terrorism affects development indicators, investment climate and human security. GS IV (Ethics & Integrity) : Examining the ethical dimensions of counter‑terrorism measures, human rights and state response. Comparative analysis with the Global Peace Index (GPI) 2025, which shows India’s gradual rise in peacefulness (115th rank) and highlights South Asia’s overall deterioration. Way Forward for Policy Makers • Strengthen border management through joint patrols, intelligence sharing and infrastructure development in identified borderlands . • Accelerate de‑radicalisation programmes, focusing on early intervention given the shortened radicalisation timeline . • Enhance regional cooperation in the Sahel and South Asia to address cross‑border financing and recruitment networks. • Integrate counter‑terrorism metrics with development initiatives to reduce the appeal of extremist narratives in vulnerable communities. By internalising these trends, UPSC aspirants can craft nuanced answers on security challenges, policy responses and their implications for India’s domestic and foreign affairs.