Overview On November 23, 2025 , Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the third session of the G20 summit in Johannesburg , calling for a global compact to prevent the misuse of artificial intelligence (AI) . He emphasized the need for critical technologies to be human-centric rather than finance-centric, advocating for technology applications to be 'global' and based on 'open source' models. Key Developments Global Compact on AI PM Modi proposed a global compact on AI based on core principles: Effective human oversight Safety-by-design Transparency Strict restrictions on AI use in deepfakes, crime, and terror activities India's Technology Ecosystem PM Modi highlighted that India's technology ecosystem integrates a human-centric vision, resulting in significant benefits in areas such as space applications, AI, and digital payments. Focus on Talent Mobility PM Modi emphasized the need to shift from 'Jobs of Today' to 'Capabilities of Tomorrow' in the age of AI. He advocated for unlocking talent mobility and expressed hope that the G20 would develop a global framework for talent mobility in the coming years. UPSC Relevance GS Paper 2: International Relations The call for a global compact on AI directly relates to international cooperation and governance, crucial for addressing global challenges. Understanding the dynamics of G20 summits and India's role in shaping international policies is essential. GS Paper 3: Science and Technology The discussion on AI, its ethical implications, and the need for regulation aligns with the Science and Technology syllabus. Candidates should be aware of the potential benefits and risks of AI, as well as India's initiatives in this field. GS Paper 3: Economy The emphasis on talent mobility and shifting from 'Jobs of Today' to 'Capabilities of Tomorrow' is relevant to economic development and human resource management. Understanding the impact of AI on the job market and the need for skill development is crucial. Exam Perspective Prelims Facts Date: November 23, 2025 Summit: G20 Summit in Johannesburg Focus: Global compact on AI India's Approach: Human-centric technology Key Principles: Human oversight, safety-by-design, transparency Mains Analysis Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with AI governance. Analyze the role of international cooperation in addressing ethical concerns related to AI. Evaluate India's approach to technology and its potential impact on global standards. Examine the implications of AI on the job market and the need for skill development.