Overview On 28 February 2026 , the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) released a series of advisories after a fresh flare‑up between the Iran and the U.S.-Israel coalition . The conflict struck several commercial and military hubs in the Gulf, prompting India to stress “dialogue and diplomacy” and the “safety of civilians”. Key Developments MEA urged all parties to exercise restraint, respect sovereignty and prioritize civilian safety. Prime Minister Narendra Modi returned from Israel on 26 February 2026 after signing a Strategic Defence Partnership (SDP) and agreeing to increase Indian workforce in Israel by up to 50,000 over five years. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar consulted counterparts in GCC nations, Israel and Iran, securing assurances for Indian workers. Indian diplomatic missions in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Iraq and Israel issued urgent advisories with emergency contact numbers. Important Facts More than 10 million Indian expatriates reside in GCC countries, forming a critical labour and remittance base. The latest Iranian strikes targeted major Gulf cities such as Abu Dhabi , Doha and Manama , locations with dense Indian workforces. India has previously conducted air‑lift evacuations from Iran and other crisis zones, demonstrating operational readiness. Emergency helplines provided by Indian missions include: Israel (+972‑54‑7520711), Saudi Arabia (+966‑11‑4884697), Iran (+98‑912‑8109115), Kuwait (+965‑65501946), Qatar (+974‑55647502), Bahrain (+973‑39418071), Oman (+968‑98282270), Iraq (+964‑771‑651‑1185). UPSC Relevance The episode touches upon several GS topics: foreign policy dynamics (GS2), India’s diaspora management and labour migration (GS3), security of overseas Indians (GS2 & GS4), and the strategic implications of defence agreements like the SDP with the UAE. Understanding how India balances diplomatic engagement with crisis response is essential for questions on international relations and consular services. Way Forward Maintain continuous diplomatic contact with Gulf and Middle‑East partners to monitor security developments. Strengthen evacuation protocols and expand the network of Indian missions in conflict‑prone zones. Leverage the newly signed Strategic Defence Partnership to enhance intelligence sharing on regional threats. Continue public awareness campaigns for Indian workers on safety measures and emergency contacts.