Overview The INSPIRE Scheme is a flagship programme of the DST aimed at creating a robust pipeline of scientists and engineers. It targets students from Class VI to Ph.D. level, with special emphasis on rural participation, and integrates scholarships, fellowships, faculty support, and infrastructure upgrades. Key Developments (2023‑2025) Launch of INSPIRE‑MANAK – up to five students per school nominated via the E‑MIAS portal; each receives ₹10,000 Direct Benefit Transfer for project development and exhibition participation. Expansion of INSPIRE‑SHE – 12,000 scholarships awarded annually, each worth ₹80,000 per annum plus mentorship grants. Introduction of INSPIRE Fellowship – up to five‑year funding; ₹37,000 per month (JRF) or ₹42,000 per month (SRF) with HRA and ₹20,000 contingency. Roll‑out of iRISE Teacher Development Strand to train teachers in identifying and nurturing innovative ideas. Strengthening of laboratory infrastructure through FIST and PURSE programmes. Digital upgrades: chatbot‑enabled INSPIRE‑MANAK portal, enhanced E‑MIAS access, and synchronized U‑DISE data for smoother nominations, especially from remote schools. Important Facts Financial support for school‑level innovators : ₹10,000 per student under INSPIRE‑MANAK. Higher‑education scholarships : 12,000 annual awards of ₹80,000 each under INSPIRE‑SHE. Ph.D. fellowships : ₹37,000 (JRF) / ₹42,000 (SRF) per month plus HRA and ₹20,000 annual contingency. Faculty Fellowships : ₹1,25,000 per month for five years, annual increments, and a research grant of ₹35 lakh. Rural outreach : Data for the last three years show a steady rise in the number of INSPIRE‑MANAK and INSPIRE‑SHE scholars from rural areas, reflecting improved accessibility through digital portals and teacher‑training initiatives. Infrastructure access : Shared national facilities such as SAIF and SATHI provide advanced instrumentation to institutions lacking resources, benefitting many rural colleges. UPSC Relevance The scheme illustrates how the Government integrates policy, finance, and capacity‑building to achieve the broader goal of a knowledge‑based economy – a recurring theme in GS‑III (Science & Technology) and GS‑II (Polity) questions on education reforms. Understanding the multi‑component design helps answer questions on talent‑pipeline creation, rural‑urban equity, and the role of central ministries in fostering innovation. Way Forward Scale up mentorship networks by linking rural scholars with scientists from premier institutions. Introduce a dedicated rural‑innovation grant under INSPIRE‑MANAK to address resource constraints. Strengthen monitoring by integrating academic performance data with the National Education Management Information System (NEMIS) for real‑time tracking. Expand industry‑academia collaborations under iRISE to provide internships and project‑based learning for rural students. Periodically review stipend structures to keep pace with inflation and ensure retention of talent.