Overview The Ministry of Home Affairs ( MHA ) has confirmed that the BADP is in its sunset phase, with funds earmarked for existing liabilities. In parallel, two new schemes – VVP‑I and VVP‑II – have been approved to address the special development needs of border‑area communities. Key Developments BADP continues to fund infrastructure in villages/towns located within IB (0‑10 km) across 16 states and 2 UTs. VVP‑I approved on 15 Feb 2023 for 662 villages in blocks abutting the northern border in 4 states and 1 UT. VVP‑II approved on 2 Apr 2025 for 1,954 villages in blocks abutting ILBs (excluding the northern border) across 15 states and 2 UTs, with funding up to FY 2028‑29. The information was disclosed by Shri Nityanand Rai in a written reply to a Rajya Sabha question. Important Facts BADP focuses on health, education, roads, agriculture, sports, drinking water, sanitation, social sector, and small‑scale industries through convergence of central, state, and local schemes. VVP‑I and VVP‑II are designed as comprehensive, multi‑sectoral interventions, emphasizing convergence with existing schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana , National Rural Health Mission , etc. Funding for BADP is currently limited to committed liabilities, indicating a transition to newer border‑area initiatives. UPSC Relevance Understanding these programmes is vital for GS 2 (Polity) and GS 3 (Economy). They illustrate central‑state coordination, fiscal federalism, and targeted rural development in strategically sensitive zones. Questions may probe the rationale behind special schemes for border areas, the challenges of implementation, and the impact on national security and inclusive growth. Way Forward Effective implementation will require: Robust monitoring mechanisms to ensure fund utilisation aligns with the intended infrastructure outcomes. Enhanced convergence with sector‑specific schemes to avoid duplication and maximize impact. Periodic assessment of socio‑economic indicators in border villages to gauge progress and recalibrate strategies. Strengthened inter‑agency coordination between the MHA , state governments, and local bodies. Continued political will and community participation will be essential to transform border‑area villages into vibrant, self‑sufficient units, thereby contributing to national integration and security.