Overview A recent study has highlighted the significant impact of physical activity on reducing the risk of breast cancer. The research also identifies reproductive timing, hormonal exposure, central obesity, and family history as influential factors in the occurrence of the disease. The study, published by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) , emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies for breast cancer prevention and early detection in the Indian population. Key Findings Risk Factors Physical Activity: Higher levels are associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. Age: Women over 50 years have three times higher odds of developing breast cancer compared to those under 35 years . Induced Abortions: Women reporting more than two induced abortions had a higher risk compared to those with no abortions. Lifestyle Factors: Poor sleep quality, irregular sleep patterns, sleeping in a lighted room, and elevated stress levels are contributing risk factors. Survival Rates The observed five-year survival rates vary significantly based on the stage of detection: Localized Stage: 81.0% Regional Spread: 65.5% Distant Metastasis: 18.3% Research Methodology The systematic review and meta-analysis involved: A systematic literature search across PubMed , Scopus , and Embase databases up to December 22, 2024 . Inclusion of observational studies assessing breast cancer risk factors among Indian women. Quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist . Implications and Recommendations Rising Incidence Breast cancer incidence in India is expected to rise by about 5.6% annually, translating into an estimated increase of 0.05 million new cases per year. Public Health Recommendations Prioritize reduction of central obesity. Provide early reproductive health counselling. Conduct well-designed, prospective, multicentric studies with standardised measurements. UPSC Relevance This study is highly relevant for the UPSC Civil Services Exam , particularly for GS Paper II (Health) and GS Paper III (Science and Technology) . Understanding the risk factors and prevalence of breast cancer in India is crucial for formulating effective public health policies and strategies. Potential Exam Questions Discuss the key findings of the ICMR study on breast cancer risk factors in India and their implications for public health policy. Analyze the socio-economic factors contributing to the rising incidence of breast cancer in India. Evaluate the effectiveness of current breast cancer screening and prevention programs in India and suggest improvements. Important Facts Breast cancer accounts for nearly a quarter ( 22.8% ) of cancers among women in India. The study highlights the need for India-specific breast cancer risk prediction tools. Published on December 24, 2025 .