Overview The Forest Department of Tamil Nadu will conduct a synchronized Terrestrial Bird Census 2025-26 across the central region on a weekend (Saturday‑Sunday). The exercise, involving bird experts, enthusiasts, volunteers and college students , aims to map species diversity and habitat status in Tiruchi and Pudukottai districts. This state‑wide initiative, announced on 13 February 2026 , underscores India’s commitment to systematic wildlife monitoring under the broader biodiversity conservation framework. Key Developments Orientation Programme: Prior to the census, participants attended training sessions in Tiruchi and Pudukottai to learn survey protocols, species identification techniques and data recording methods. Field Execution in Tiruchi: Twenty teams, each equipped with binoculars and cameras, will cover 20 designated sites—including M.R. Palayam Reserve Forest , Semmalai Reserve Forest , Puthanampatti and Sengattupatti (near Thuraiyur) . Surveys will run from 06:00‑10:00 hrs and 16:00‑17:00 hrs , with a special slot for nocturnal terrestrial birds. Field Execution in Pudukottai: The census will extend to 25 locations across five forest ranges, covering sites such as Narthamalai Reserve Forest , Veppangudi , Maniyachi Reserve Forest and Mullur Reserve Forest . The same temporal framework will be followed. Important Facts Team Strength: Approximately 20 teams will be deployed in Tiruchi, each handling a specific site. Geographic Coverage: The census spans 20 locations in Tiruchi and 25 locations in Pudukottai , representing a comprehensive snapshot of central Tamil Nadu’s avian fauna. Survey Timing: Dual‑shift methodology (morning & evening) captures diurnal activity, while a dedicated nocturnal window records night‑active species. Objective: Document species composition, assess habitat quality and generate baseline data for future conservation interventions. Precedent: A similar statewide census in 2024 recorded numerous migrant and resident terrestrial bird species, providing a comparative benchmark. UPSC Relevance This census touches upon several UPSC syllabus areas: Environment & Ecology (GS Paper I) – biodiversity monitoring, species‑habitat linkages; Forestry & Wildlife Management (GS Paper III) – role of state agencies, community participation; and Geography (optional) – spatial distribution of avifauna. Potential question angles include the effectiveness of citizen‑science initiatives, integration of biodiversity data into policy, and challenges in monitoring nocturnal species. Way Forward Continued periodic censuses, coupled with GIS‑based habitat mapping, can strengthen early‑warning systems for habitat degradation. Scaling the model to other states, encouraging local NGOs, and linking findings to the National Biodiversity Action Plan will enhance India’s capacity to meet its Convention on Biological Diversity commitments.