The 2024-25 Union Budget has earmarked approximately ₹3,500 crore for the construction and upgrade of four flagship astronomical facilities. The projects, overseen by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), will move to the cabinet after clearance from the Expenditure Finance Committee . This marks a significant boost to India’s astrophysics infrastructure. Key Developments Approval of four projects totaling ₹3,500 crore pending cabinet sign‑off. Projects include NLST , NLOT , upgraded Himalayan Chandra Telescope ( uHCT ), and the COSMOS 2 planetarium. Project timelines range from 3 years (COSMOS 2) to 13 years (NLOT), with first light for NLOT expected in 2038 . NLST will act as the ground‑based counterpart to the Aditya‑L1 mission, delivering continuous magnetic maps of the Sun. Important Facts The Department of Science and Technology official highlighted that any project exceeding ₹1,000 crore requires cabinet approval. The four facilities together cross this threshold, underscoring the strategic importance attached by the government. UPSC Relevance These initiatives illustrate the government's focus on advancing space science and astronomy , aligning with GS‑III topics such as scientific research, technology development, and international collaborations. Understanding the role of institutions like IIA and ministries like DST helps aspirants answer questions on policy formulation, funding mechanisms, and the impact of scientific infrastructure on national development. Way Forward Following cabinet clearance, detailed project reports will be prepared, and phased funding will commence. Monitoring progress against timelines will be essential, especially for NLST’s role in supporting the Aditya‑L1 mission. Aspirants should track implementation updates, potential international partnerships, and the broader implications for India’s position in global astrophysics research.