Overview On January 7, 2026 , the Supreme Court addressed petitions concerning the relocation of stray dogs, emphasizing the dangers posed by these animals and the necessity for strict enforcement of existing regulations. The court highlighted that accidents and injuries are caused not only by dog bites but also by the presence of stray animals on roads. The bench, comprising Justices Vikram Nath , Sandeep Mehta , and N. V. Anjaria , is reviewing its previous order due to concerns raised by lawyers and animal activists who felt unheard. Key Issues Public Safety: The primary concern is the safety of citizens, particularly regarding dog bites and road accidents caused by stray animals. Civic Responsibility: The court emphasized the responsibility of civic bodies to implement rules and directions effectively. Animal Welfare: Balancing public safety with the welfare of stray animals is a key consideration. Compliance: Ensuring that states and local authorities comply with court orders and existing regulations. Key Developments Court's Observations The Bench stressed that roads should be clear of dogs and stray animals, pointing out that the unpredictable nature of these animals poses a significant risk. Justice Mehta noted that two judges from the Rajasthan High Court had been involved in accidents related to stray animals, underscoring the severity of the issue. Arguments Presented Kapil Sibal's Proposal: Senior advocate Kapil Sibal suggested adopting the CSVR (capture, sterilise, vaccinate and release) method, arguing that it is a scientifically accepted approach for reducing animal-human conflict. Court's Response: Justice Nath emphasized the importance of prevention and noted that the court's directive only pertains to removing stray dogs from institutional areas, without interfering with existing rules. Enforcement and Compliance The court advocated for strict enforcement of rules, regulations, modules, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) by States and civic bodies. It expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of compliance from some states and warned of strict action. NHAI's Role Gaurav Agarwal , the amicus curiae, informed the court that the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has prepared an SOP and identified 1,400 km of road as a vulnerable stretch. However, the NHAI expects state governments to take responsibility after detection. Suggested Solutions Fencing: The Bench suggested fencing roads and expressways to prevent stray animals from trespassing. Sterilization: Emphasis on sterilization programs to control the stray dog population. Mature Response: Sibal argued for a mature and responsible societal response, focusing on sterilization and population control rather than simply eliminating stray animals. Previous Orders On November 7 of the previous year, the apex court directed the immediate relocation of stray canines from institutional areas to designated shelters after sterilization and vaccination. The court also mandated the removal of all cattle and other stray animals from State highways, national highways, and expressways. UPSC Relevance GS2: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice This case highlights the intersection of governance, public safety, and animal welfare. It underscores the role of the judiciary in ensuring the effective implementation of laws and regulations by state and local authorities. The discussion on CSVR and responsible animal management aligns with social justice concerns. GS3: Environment, Infrastructure The issue of stray animals on roads and highways directly relates to infrastructure management and environmental concerns. The NHAI's involvement and the identification of vulnerable stretches connect to infrastructure development and safety. The management of stray animal populations also has implications for public health and environmental sustainability. GS3: Disaster Management The presence of stray animals on roads can contribute to accidents and other emergencies, highlighting the need for effective disaster management strategies. The court's emphasis on SOPs and compliance aligns with disaster preparedness and response efforts.