National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP) आठ तटीय राज्यों में पूरा – बुनियादी ढांचा, प्रारंभिक चेतावनी और क्षमता निर्माण

<h2>Overview</h2> <p>The <span class="key-term" data-definition="National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project — a centrally funded scheme aimed at reducing vulnerability to cyclones through infrastructure and ecosystem‑friendly measures in coastal states (GS2: Polity; GS3: Environment & Disaster Management)">NCRMP</span> was launched by the <span class="key-term" data-definition="Ministry of Home Affairs — the Union ministry responsible for internal security, disaster management and coordination of central agencies (GS2: Polity)">MHA</span> to make people and assets in cyclone‑hazard zones disaster‑resilient while preserving the coastal ecosystem.</p> <h3>Key Developments</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Phase‑I (Jan 2011 – Dec 2018)</strong>: Implemented in <span class="key-term" data-definition="Andhra Pradesh — a coastal state on the eastern seaboard of India (GS2: Polity)">Andhra Pradesh</span> and <span class="key-term" data-definition="Odisha — a coastal state on the eastern seaboard of India (GS2: Polity)">Odisha</span>; expenditure <strong>₹2,524.84 crore</strong>.</li> <li><strong>Phase‑II (Jul 2015 – Mar 2023)</strong>: Covered <span class="key-term" data-definition="Goa — a small coastal state on the western coast of India (GS2: Polity)">Goa</span>, <span class="key-term" data-definition="Gujarat — a western coastal state of India (GS2: Polity)">Gujarat</span>, <span class="key-term" data-definition="Karnataka — a southern state with a coastline on the Arabian Sea (GS2: Polity)">Karnataka</span>, <span class="key-term" data-definition="Kerala — a southern coastal state of India (GS2: Polity)">Kerala</span>, <span class="key-term" data-definition="Maharashtra — a western coastal state of India (GS2: Polity)">Maharashtra</span> and <span class="key-term" data-definition="West Bengal — an eastern coastal state of India (GS2: Polity)">West Bengal</span>; expenditure <strong>₹1,806.84 crore</strong>.</li> <li>Core components: <span class="key-term" data-definition="Early Warning Dissemination System — a network that issues timely cyclone alerts to authorities and the public, crucial for reducing loss of life (GS3: Environment & Disaster Management)">Early Warning Dissemination System</span>; <span class="key-term" data-definition="Multi-Purpose Cyclone Shelters — robust structures that provide safe shelter during cyclones and can serve community functions in normal times (GS3: Environment & Disaster Management)">Multi‑Purpose Cyclone Shelters</span>, evacuation/approach roads & bridges, saline embankments & underground cabling; technical assistance for multi‑hazard risk management; and project management support.</li> <li>Implementation support: establishment of a <span class="key-term" data-definition="Project Monitoring Unit — a dedicated body at the centre (and at state level) that oversees implementation, monitoring and coordination of a project (GS2: Polity)">Project Monitoring Unit (PMU)</span> at the centre and parallel units in the states