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FOUNDATION_COURSE
A joint training programme at LBSNAA for newly recruited IAS, IPS, IFS, and other All India Services officers. It covers administration, law, public policy, and team-building.
A constitutional body (Article 280) constituted every five years to recommend the distribution of tax revenues between the Union and State governments and grants-in-aid to states.
The difference between the government's total expenditure and total revenue (excluding borrowings). It indicates the extent to which the government must borrow to finance its operations.
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 — a law mandating the central government to reduce fiscal deficit and eliminate revenue deficit to ensure fiscal discipline and macroeconomic stability.
Eleven duties of citizens listed under Article 51A (Part IVA), added by the 42nd Amendment (1976). They are non-justiciable but serve as moral obligations for citizens.
Justiciable rights guaranteed under Part III (Articles 12-35) of the Constitution, including Right to Equality, Freedom, Against Exploitation, Religion, Culture, and Constitutional Remedies.